List of First Nations peoples
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British Columbia Coast
These people traditionally ate fish, primarily salmon and silvery eulachon from the ocean, as well as fish from lakes and rivers, and roots and berries. Recently discovered clam gardens suggest that they were not limited only to hunting and gathering.'They made use of the forests of the Pacific to build dug-out canoes, and houses made of evenly-split planks of wood. They used tools made of stone and wood. The native peoples of the Pacific coast also made totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the transfer of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Major ethnicities include the:- Coast Salish
- Nuxálk (Bella Coola; not linguistically Coast Salish)
- Shishalh (Sechelt)
- Sḵwxwú7mesh (aka Squamish)
- Pentlatch (aka Puntledge, extinct)
- Qualicum
- Comos-speaking
- Halkomelem-speaking
- Cowichan
- Penelakut
- Lamalcha
- Musqueam
- Snuneymuxw (Nanaimo)
- Tsleil-waututh (Burrard)
- Sts'Ailes (Chehalis)
- Stó:lō (Fraser River Salish)
- Cowichan
- North Straits Salish-speaking
- Nuxálk (Bella Coola; not linguistically Coast Salish)
- New Westminster (no language affiliiation)
- Tsimshianic peoples (Northern Mainland)
- Haida
- Southern Wakashan peoples
- Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)
- Tla-o-qui-aht (Clayoquot)
- Hesquiat
- Mowachaht-Muchalaht
- Ditidaht
- Pacheedaht
- Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)
- Northern Wakashan peoples (Central Coast)
- Kwakwaka'wakw
- Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws/Yuculta aka Southern Kwakiutl)
- Koskimo
- 'Namgis
- Laich-kwil-tach (Euclataws/Yuculta aka Southern Kwakiutl)
- Haisla
- Heiltsuk
- Wuikinuxv (Owekeeno)
- Kwakwaka'wakw
- Tsetsaut (extinct)
British Columbia Interior
- Inland Tlingit
- Athapaskan
- Dakelh (Carrier)
- Dene-thah (Slavey)
- Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)
- Sekani
- Dunne-Za (Beaver)
- Nicola Athapaskans (extinct)
- Tahltan
- Kaska Dena
- Dakelh (Carrier)
- Interior Salish
- Ktunaxa (Kootenay)
Plains
Main article: Plains Indians
These people traditionally used tipis covered with skins as their homes. Their main sustenance was the bison, which they used as food, as well as for all their garments. The leaders of some Plains tribes wore large headdresses made of feathers, something which is wrongfully attributed by some to all First Nations peoples. Major ethnicies include the:- Anishinaabe
- Blackfoot
- Kainai (Blood)
- North Peigan
- Siksika
- Dene
- Nakoda
- Assiniboine
- Stoney
- Plains-Cree
- Tasttine (Beaver)
- Tsuu T'ina (Sarcee)
Plateau
- Ktunaxa (Kootenay)
- Okanagan
- Colville
- Sinixt
- Yakama
- Palus
- Cayuse
- Coeur d'Alene
- Wasco
- Wishram
- St'at'imc (Lillooet)
- Nicola
- Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)
- Secwepemc (Shuswap)
Western subarctic
These peoples live in the boreal forest in what are now Canada's western provinces and territories. They were originally hunter-gatherers dependent on caribou, moose and the fur trade. Most spoke Athapaskan languages except the Crees and Inland Tlingit. Major ethnicities in the Yukon, Northwest Territories and the northern parts of the western provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba) include the following:- Cree
- Dene
- Chipewyan
- Sahtu (includes Bearlake, Hare and Mountain peoples)
- Slavey
- Tli Cho
- Yellowknives
- Dunneza (also Dunne-za, Beaver, Tasttine)
- Gwich'in (Kutchin, Loucheaux)
- Hän
- Kaska
- Tagish
- Tahltan
- Inland Tlingit
- Southern and Northern Tutchone
Woodlands and eastern subarctic
Main article: Eastern Woodlands tribes
Major ethnicies include the:- Anishinaabe
- Cree
- Innu (Montagnais and Naskapi)
Atlantic coastal region
- Beothuk (Newfoundland extinct)
- Innu (Labrador)
- Maliseet
- Mi'kmaq (Micmac)
- Passamaquoddy
St. Lawrence River Valley
The largest First Nations group near the St. Lawrence waterway are the Iroquois. This area also includes the Wyandot (formerly referred to as the Huron) peoples of central Ontario, and the League of Five Nations who had lived in the United States, south of Lake Ontario. Major ethnicities include the:- Anishinaabe
- Haudenosaunee (Iroquois)
- Munsee branch of the Lenape (Delawares)
- Neutral
- Tobacco
- Wyandot (Huron)
See also
- Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
- Indigenous languages of the Americas
- List of First Nations governments
- List of Indian reserves in Canada
- List of Indian reserves in Canada by population
- List of Canadian Inuit
- List of place names in Canada of Aboriginal origin
- Notable Aboriginal people of Canada
